Social Processes 社会过程 The question we wish to raise here is whether social processes do not organize themselves in such a way as to absorb significant degrees of paranoid potential and employ them in more constructive ways in the service of implementing important social functions. Thus the pathologically affected and clinically identifiable paranoid personality may be in fact reflecting a variety of paranoid influences that swirl around him and may have contributed in significant ways to his own paranoid disposition, yet the paranoid influences in themselves may fall within quite acceptable areas of social attitudes and propensities which we would otherwise hesitate to designate as pathological. 我们想在这里提出的问题是，社会过程是否不以这样一种方式组织起来，即吸收相当程度的偏执潜能，并以更有建设性的方式利用它们，为实施重要的社会功能服务。因此，受病理影响的和临床上可识别的偏执型人格可能实际上反映了在他周围旋绕的各种偏执影响，并可能在很大程度上促成了他自己的偏执倾向，然而偏执影响本身可能属于相当可接受的社会态度和倾向的范围，否则我们就会犹豫不决地将其指定为病理的。 Indeed, they may in many instances be quite consonant with the expectations and demands of the surrounding society. They may, even further, serve important adaptive functions within the social fabric so that they are encouraged and supported by social processes and fulfill important identity-sustaining needs of the individuals who participate in them. At the same time, while they are caught up in the service of these adaptive functions, they may be concurrently contributing to the fostering and shaping of clinically paranoid attitudes in susceptible individuals around them. 事实上，在许多情况下，它们可能与周围社会的期望和要求相当一致。它们甚至可以进一步在社会组织中发挥重要的适应功能，从而得到社会进程的鼓励和支持，并满足参与其中的个人的重要身份维持需求。同时，当他们陷入这些适应性功能的服务中时，他们可能同时也在助长和塑造周围易感个体的临床偏执态度。 One of the most basic aspects of the functioning of social processes is the formation of groups. The forming of social groupings is in part a shaping of an ingroup, to which are aggregated the aspects of value and belonging which provide the matrix of support for individual identities. As we have already seen, a basic aspect of the process of identity formation has to do with the delineation and affiliation with such specific ingroups, within which the individual can define himself as a participating member with a sense of belonging and purposive participation. However, the defining of the ingroup is in part accomplished by setting it apart from and in opposition to the variety of outgroupings, which represent divergent or oppositional sets of values to those adhered to by the ingroup. 社会进程运作的最基本方面之一是群体的形成。社会群体的形成在一定程度上是对小团体的塑造，将价值和归属感的各个方面聚集到这个小团体中，为个体身份提供支持环境。正如我们已经看到的，身份形成过程的一个基本方面与对这种特定小团体的划分和归属有关，在这种小团体中，个体可以将自己定义为具有归属感和目的性的参与成员。然而，小团体的界定部分是通过将其与各种外围群体区分开来并与之对立来完成的，外围群体代表着与小团体所坚持的价值不同或对立的价值观。