Values and Identity 价值观和身份 To approach the question from a slightly different orientation, the notion of identity has achieved prominence in psychoanalytic parlance through the work of Erik Erikson. It is the contention in this study that the parameters of identity as described and defined in Erikson's work are value-embedded terms. The terms of trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity, intimacy, generativity, and integrity are all terms which derive from a structure of values and which express those values in concrete ways. Erikson (1964) himself has traced the explicit link between the elements of identity and what he refers to as a "schedule of virtues." "Virtues" are specifically ethically related and determined concepts. 从一个稍有不同的方向来探讨这个问题，身份的概念通过埃里克埃里克森的作品在精神分析学中取得了突出的地位。本研究的论点是，埃里克森作品中描述和定义的身份参数是价值嵌入的术语。信任、自主性、主动性、产业、身份、亲密性、世代性和完整性等术语都是从价值结构中衍生出来的，并以具体的方式表达这些价值。埃里克森(1964)自己也曾追溯过身份元素与他所说的 "美德表 "之间的明确联系。"美德 "是具体的与伦理相关的、确定的概念。 Erikson goes on to spell out the specific ethical dimensions of some of those concepts in terms of the ethical implications for the cycle of generations and in terms of his own characteristic version of the Golden Rule. The important theoretical concept of identity and its component parts cannot be simply accredited to the ego as such. They must involve important aspects of superego functioning and even must involve characteristic alignments between structural components and aspects of id functioning. The consideration of the problems of identity and identity formation, then, introduces us into the important realms of value theory—an area which has only begun to be explored in psychiatric and psychoanalytic terms. 埃里克森接着从对世代循环的伦理意义和他自己的黄金法则的特点出发，阐述了其中一些概念的具体伦理层面。身份这一重要的理论概念及其组成部分不能简单地归于自我。它们必须涉及到超我功能的重要方面，甚至必须涉及到 结构性成分 和 本我功能方面 的特征性对齐。那么，对身份和身份形成问题的考虑，就把我们引入了价值理论的重要领域——这个领域只是在精神病学和精神分析学方面才开始探讨。 The consideration of value systems in relationship to the patterns of individual identity cannot be understood or formulated in exclusion from an understanding of the role of and function of values on the social and cultural levels. It is clear that the formation of values is one of the primary aspects of group processes, that in many respects one of the primary functions of social groupings is precisely the articulation and maintenance of such value systems (Meissner, 1971c). The link to the formation and sustaining of parameters of individual identity through the forming and sharing of value systems in an integrated manner involving both individual psychic formations and group processes lies at the heart of such an understanding. 如果不理解价值观在社会和文化层面上的作用和功能，就无法理解或阐述价值体系与个人身份模式的关系。显然，价值观的形成是群体过程的主要方面之一，在许多方面，社会群组划分的主要功能之一正是阐明和维持这种价值体系（Meissner，1971c）。这种理解的核心是，通过以整合方式(包括个人心理形成和群体进程)形成和分享价值体系，与个人身份参数的形成和维持相联系。