Paranoid and Social Processes 偏执和社会过程 Our basic hypothesis with respect to the organization of society is that social processes organize themselves in such a way as to provide appropriate contexts within which the paranoid process comes into play, so as to preserve certain specific adaptive functions within the society and to provide the appropriate context within which individuals may find a sense of appropriate belonging and useful participation. The achievement of these goals is intimately linked to the sustaining of a sense of identity, as we have already discussed it. We are dealing with an area here in which the links between the intrapsychic organization of the self and the social participation and embeddedness of the self are intimately intertwined and connected. Thus society provides structures and contexts within which the basic mechanisms of the paranoid process can be turned to adaptive and useful purposes. 我们关于社会组织的基本假设是，社会过程以这样一种方式组织起来，即提供适当的环境，让偏执过程在其中发挥作用，以便在社会中保持某些特定的适应性功能，并提供适当的环境，让个体在其中找到适当的归属感和有益的参与感。这些目标的实现与身份感的维持密切相关，我们已经讨论过了。我们在这里处理的是一个领域，在这个领域中，自体的心理内组织与自体的社会参与和嵌入性之间的联系是紧密交织和联系在一起的。因此，社会提供了结构和环境，在这些结构和环境中，偏执过程的基本机制可以转向适应性和有用的目的。 The implications of this intertwining of social and paranoid processes are multiple. From our point of view it suggests that the organization of social processes and institutions has a significant psychological impact, in that it draws the operation of paranoid mechanisms into more adaptive and self-sustaining contexts. At the same time, these same processes, operating in broader and less pathological human contexts, can be seen in terms of their relevance to the genesis of paranoid psychopathology. If the system of social processes and institutions builds on and provides a context for the operation of paranoid mechanisms, we are equivalently saying that the organization of such social processes and groupings provides a matrix, which at the same time sustains and serves to elaborate these same basic paranoid mechanisms. Consequently the organization of social processes provides a fundamental matrix, within which paranoid mechanisms are allowed to elaborate themselves. 社会过程和偏执过程的这种交织的影响是多方面的。从我们的角度来看，它表明社会过程和机构的组织具有重大的心理影响，因为它将偏执机制的运作引向了更具适应性和自体维持的环境。同时，这些同样的过程，在更广泛的、不那么病态的人类情境中运行，可以从它们与偏执心理病理的成因的相关性来看。如果说社会过程和机构建立在偏执机制的运作基础上，并为其提供了一个环境，那么我们就等于说，这种社会过程和群体划分提供了一个环境，它同时维持并服务于精化这些同样的基本偏执机制。因此，社会过程的组织提供了一个基本的环境，偏执机制可以在这个环境中进行自我完善。 When we inquire into a causal context out of which paranoid pathology arises, we are unavoidably led to consider the relevance of this essentially paranoid matrix which permeates the whole of our social fabric and which serves adaptively to sustain both social and intrapsychic objectives. The point of view that we are advancing here suggests, then, that the process by which the paranoid disposition is formed takes its origins in part from this matrix and is influenced by other social and group processes, which take place around it and which can contribute important influences to the shaping of the paranoid disposition in a given pathologically affected individual. 当我们探究偏执病理产生的因果环境时，我们不可避免地要考虑到这个基本上是偏执环境的相关性，这个偏执环境渗透到我们整个社会组织中，它适应性地维持社会和心理内的目标。那么，我们在这里提出的观点表明，偏执倾向的形成过程部分源于这个环境，并受到其他社会和群体过程的影响，这些过程发生在它周围，并能对特定的受病理影响的个体的偏执倾向的形成产生重要影响。 We have suggested at a number of points and have identified unequivocally in the study of the above group of patients that the immediate matrix within which this broader social and cultural influence is brought to bear is that of the family. Thus the whole range of family dynamics and family patterns of interaction form a middle group between the realm of intrapsychic dynamics, which we have been at pains to discuss in considerable detail, and the present realm of social and cultural processes, which we are presently able to delineate only in the broadest terms. Thus we can conclude that the paranoid process and its associated mechanisms play themselves out in complex and interrelated ways at all levels of the integration of the social organism, from the basic social unit of the socially involved and embedded individual in the immediate transactional context of the family system to the broadest units of social and political organization. 我们在对上述病人群体的研究中已经提出并明确指出，这种更广泛的社会和文化影响 作用的直接环境是家庭。因此，整个家庭动力学和家庭互动模式形成了一个中间群体，介于我们一直不厌其烦地相当详细地讨论的心理内动力学领域 和 我们目前只能最宽泛地描述的社会和文化过程领域之间。因此，我们可以得出这样的结论：偏执过程及其相关机制在社会有机体整合的各个层面上以复杂的、相互关联的方式发挥作用，从家庭系统的直接相互作用背景下的 社会参与和嵌入的 个体的 基本社会单位 到 最广泛的社会和政治组织单位。